繼續教育考題
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1.
(A) |
Which of the following
parameters is typically impaired in PPH EXCEPT |
A | FEV1 |
B | Pulmonary diffusion capacity
(DLco) |
C | O2 saturation on
exercise |
D | Cardiac output |
2.
(D) |
Which of the following
features is common in advanced PPH? |
A | Chest pain |
B | Syncope |
C | Sudden death |
D | All of above |
3.
(D) |
Which of the following
tests is not helpful to screen the pulmonary hypertension? |
A | Standard chest
radiography |
B | Electrocardiography |
C | Transthoracic Doppler
echocardiography |
D | Spironmetry (FEV1 and
FVC) |
4.
(B) |
Which of the following
descriptions about PPH is WRONG? |
A | The CxR frequently shows
enlarged hilar structures (main pulmonary arteries) |
B | The ECG abnormalities often
reflect LV and left atrial enlargement. |
C | Physical examination often
reveals jugular venous distention and RV heave |
D | A systolic murmur along the
left sternal border that increases in intensity during inspiration
(tricuspid regurgitation) is common in these patients |
5.
(D) |
Which of the following
conditions may lead to pulmonary hypertension? |
A | Connective tissue
disorder |
B | Obstructive sleep apnea |
C | Chronic pulmonary
embolism; |
D | All of the above |
6.
(D) |
Which of the following
ECG patterns is NOT typical of PPH? |
A | A tall R wave and small S wave
in lead V1 |
B | A tall S wave with small R wave
in lead V5 or V6 (R/S ratio <1), |
C | P waves greater than 2.5 mm in
leads II, III, and aVF. |
D | ST-segment depressions and
T-wave inversions in V5, V6 and aVL |
7.
(D) |
Which of the following
descriptions about PPH is correct? |
A | The pulmonary arterial
pathology in PPH include medial hypertrophy, intimal proliferation,
in situ thrombosis, fibrosis, and "plexogenic" changes |
B | Definitive diagnosis requires
direct pulmonary artery pressure measurements via right heart
catheterization |
C | A mean pulmonary artery
pressure greater than 25 mmHg at rest (>30 mmHg with exercise)
represents the standard for the diagnosis of PH. |
D | All of the above |
8.
(B) |
Which statement about
PPH is WRONG? (based on data from NIH) |
A | The mean age was 45 years (age
range, 15-66 years); |
B | The incidence in male patients
is higher than that in the female patients |
C | The median survival was 5-8
years after diagnosis |
D | Survival was associated with 3
factors: right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and
cardiac index |
9.
(D) |
Which kind of treatment
is recommended for primary pulmonary hypertension? |
A | Lung transplantation (single
lung, bilateral lung, or heart-bilateral lung) |
B | The mainstay of pharmacological
therapy is a combination of vasodilatation and anticoagulation for
patients without other treatable secondary conditions |
C | IV prostacyclin (epoprostenol)
has been approved by the FDA for PPH |
D | All of above |
10.
(D) |
Which statement below
is WRONG about the intravenous prostacyclin for the treatment of
PPH? |
A | Is associated with short-term
improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics, including reducing PA
pressure and PVRI and increasing cardiac output |
B | Must be administered into a
central vein via a 24-hour continuous infusion pump because of its
extremely short half-life of 2 to 3 minutes. |
C | Also has anti-platelet
aggregating effects and may cause diarrhea |
D | This drug can lead to long-term
survival in most patients with
PPH |